Moisturisers that treat dry, itchy or scaly skin are called emollients. The NHS explains the types and how to use them. This page summarises that guidance and is general information, not medical advice.
What emollients do
They soothe and hydrate the skin by forming a protective layer that holds in moisture. The NHS says they are used for conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and ichthyosis, as well as everyday dryness.
Types
- Lotions are thin and spread easily but are less moisturising.
- Creams are less greasy and absorb quickly, so they suit daytime use.
- Ointments are thick and greasy, best for very dry skin and overnight use.
- Sprays help with hard-to-reach or sore areas.
How to use them
- Smooth the product on rather than rubbing it in, in the direction of hair growth.
- Apply whenever skin feels dry or tight, ideally at least three or four times a day and especially after washing. The NHS says you cannot overuse them.
- Regular soaps and shower gels can dry the skin, so the NHS recommends leave-on emollients as a soap substitute: mix about a teaspoon with warm water, spread, rinse and pat dry.
- Take product from a pot with a clean spoon to avoid contamination.
Safety
Keep emollients away from fire, flames and cigarettes, whether paraffin-based or not, because fabrics and dressings with emollient on them can catch fire. Baths and showers can become slippery. Aqueous cream is no longer recommended because it can irritate skin.
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When to get help
Emollients can be bought at a pharmacy without a prescription. Speak to a GP, nurse or pharmacist if you get persistent burning or stinging, boils or facial rashes, or if the condition is severe.
